Editors: Jennifer Vonk, Todd Shackelford. Contents Search. Living reference work entry First Online: 07 July How to cite. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Boddy, A. Comparative analysis of encephalization in mammals reveals relaxed constraints on anthropoid primate and cetacean brain scaling.
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 25 , — Cozzi, B. The brain of the horse: Weight and cephalization quotients. Brain Behavior Evolution, 83 , 9— CrossRef Google Scholar.
An unparalleled sexual dimorphism of sperm whale encephalization. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 29 , 1—9. All rights reserved. Figure 3: Behavioral thermoregulation in cormorants Many birds spread their wings to benefit from solar heating. Behavioral thermoregulation helps animals to maintain favorable body temperatures without expending metabolic energy.
Behavioral thermoregulation is important for both ectotherms and endotherms. Ectotherms may seek sunny locations in which to bask; this warms their body fluids and tissues, allowing for freer muscular movements and faster metabolic processes, such as digestion.
Conversely, they seek shade when overheated. Endotherms act in much the same way. Even though they can produce heat internally, and regulate their body temperature physiologically, heat production requires a large amount of energy, and birds and mammals bask to save caloric expenditures Figure 3.
Behavior gives animals the flexibility to respond to changing environmental conditions and to move about in their habitat to find resources that are essential for survival. The Diversity of Behavior. How Does Social Behavior Evolve? An Introduction to Animal Communication. Animal Behavior Introduction. Mating Systems in Sexual Animals.
Measuring Animal Preferences and Choice Behavior. Perceptual Worlds and Sensory Ecology. An Introduction to Eusociality. The Ecology of Avian Brood Parasitism. Social Parasitism in Ants. Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity Declines. Disease Ecology. Animal Migration. Sexual Selection. Territoriality and Aggression.
The Development of Birdsong. By: Michael D. Citation: Breed, M. Nature Education Knowledge 3 10 How is an animal's internal life i. Sensory systems provide information from outside the animal that, when integrated, shape behavior. Internal senses, such as hunger or fear, affect behavioral priorities.
Motivation describes how animals make choices among possible behaviors, based on the strength of internal needs and sensory inputs. Aa Aa Aa. Sensing the World.
The Nervous System and Behavior. Simple animals, like sea jellies, have direct neural connections between sensory cells and muscles, so that their swimming motion can change as needed. More complex animals have central nervous systems and a brain that integrates a variety of sensory inputs.
Specialized functions, like learning and memory, coordination of movement, and regulation of physiological functions are performed in different regions of the brain, and neural connections within the brain allow the transfer of information among these regions. Neurotransmitters, small molecules such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine, transmit information among brain cells.
Overall levels of neurostransmitters in the brain also affect general behavior; manipulation of dopamine, for example, affects wakefulness. The Endocrine System and Behavior. Figure 2: Pair bonding and aggression are both influenced by hormones. These Red-Winged Blackbirds have bonded and will nest; the male remains very aggressive and chases other males from its territory.
Appetites — perceptions of need — usually link directly to physiological control systems and fall into a general category called behavioral homeostasis. Homeostasis is the tendency for an organism to maintain internal equilibrium. Development may be direct eggs hatch into tiny worms that resemble the adults or indirect with a ciliated larval form. Flatworms include a large number of parasitic forms, some of which are extremely damaging to human populations.
Brusca, R. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. To cite this page: Myers, P. Disclaimer: The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts.
While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. Platyhelminthes flatworms Facebook. Animal Diversity.
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