By , every state, with the exception of New Hampshire, had a mandatory seat belt use law covering drivers and front-seat occupants. Seat belt laws vary by whether they cover front-seat occupants only or include rear-seat occupants as well. In a few states, seat belt use is a secondary law for drivers and passengers older than a specified age varies by state but a primary law for younger passengers.
In , belt use averaged 88 percent in the 30 States with primary seat belt laws at that time and the District of Columbia and averaged 77 percent in those with weaker enforcement laws [Chen and Ye, ]. Studies of 5 States that changed their belt use laws from secondary to primary enforcement found that belt use increased from 12 to 18 percentage points where all passenger vehicles were covered by the law and 8 percentage points in one State where pickup trucks were excluded Nichols, In another study, Farmer and Williams found that passenger vehicle driver death rates dropped by 7 percent when States changed from secondary to primary enforcement.
On average, States that pass primary seat belt laws can expect to increase seat belt use by eight percentage points. Depending on the level of high-visibility enforcement that they employ, however, far greater results are possible. Recent research Masten, has provided strong support that changing from secondary to primary enforcement [of] seat belt laws increases occupant seat belt use during the nighttime hours as well as the daytime hours when most observational surveys of seat belt use are conducted.
Strong evidence was found in the FARS data for all 6 States that primary seat belt laws increase seat belt use. Furthermore, statistically significant decreases in the number of front-seat passenger vehicle occupant fatalities were found in Michigan and Washington and the decrease in New Jersey was marginally significant.
The lack of significant effects on fatalities in Illinois and Tennessee, as well as a marginal increase in Delaware, was attributed in part to the short amount of time since the implementation of the primary provisions in these States as well as the small number of fatalities in Delaware.
Observational surveys conducted over an month period after this change went into effect in , measured increases in seat belt use from 77 to 84 percent during the daytime and from 69 percent to 81 percent at night. They found that Differences in seat belt use existed in certain sociodemographic categories, but usage rates were higher for each group in states with primary enforcement of seat belt laws. Driver Seat belt must be worn if fitted Driver Child under three The right child restraint must be used The right child restraint must be used.
If one is not available in a taxi, may travel unrestrained Driver Child from third birthday up to cm in height or 12th birthday, whichever they reach first The right child restraint must be used The right child restraint must be used where seat belts are fitted. Must use adult belt in a rear seat if the right child restraint not available: in a taxi for a short distance in an unexpected necessity if two occupied child restraints prevent fitting a third Driver Child 12 or 13, or over cm in height Seat belt or child restraint must be worn if fitted Seat belt or child restraint must be worn if fitted Driver All passengers 14 and over Seat belt must be worn if fitted Seat belt must be worn if fitted Passenger.
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Emergency room or trauma nurses in Robeson County taught the course at the main hospital in the area. The nurse who developed the Oregon TNTT program led the effort in Robeson County, using many of the same materials from the original program. The course covers the proper use of seat belts and child safety seats, the costs of non-use of seat belts, the effects of alcohol and speed, and the physics of crashes.
Nurses share real-life stories of people who have been injured from behaviors such as not wearing seat belts, and highly graphic visuals are used. Increased enforcement efforts were coordinated with program implementation. Half of those people who received citations and were eligible to attend the course did so, exceeding program expectations. Participants received a certificate of course completion and could use this to have a seat belt citation dismissed by the county.
A statistically significant increase in observed seat belt use from baseline was noted at 10 observation sites in the county. The results of this study support the combination of high-visibility enforcement and a diversion classroom-based brief intervention as a means of increasing seat belt use in a predominately rural, low seat belt-use area. NHTSA sponsors the Click it or Ticket and Buckle Up campaigns and provides information and data to increase the use of seat belts and other occupant protection.
Improperly wearing a seat belt, such as putting the strap below your arm, puts you and your children at risk in a crash. Buckling up is the single most effective thing you can do to protect yourself in a crash.
Seat belts are the best defense against impaired, aggressive, and distracted drivers. Being buckled up during a crash helps keep you safe and secure inside your vehicle; being completely ejected from a vehicle is almost always deadly.
Such force could injure or even kill you. Learn about air bag safety. Read our recommendations below or view the instructional diagram version of our seat belt recommendations for pregnant drivers and passengers PDF KB. The Real Deal. The safest way to ride is buckled up in a vehicle equipped with air bags.
Even without an air bag, you are safer buckled up than you are with an air bag and not buckled up. But more importantly, you can't escape such dangers unless you're conscious. Wearing a seat belt gives you a much greater chance of being conscious and able-bodied. Seemingly routine trips can be deceptively dangerous. Most fatal crashes happen within 25 miles from home and at speeds of less than 40 mph. Real Deal. In a crash, everything in your car can cause bodily harm, but your seat belt is one of the few things that can actually save you.
Young men are most at risk. The time to transition your child out of a booster seat and into a seat belt usually comes when the child is between 8 and 12 years old. Keep your children in booster seats until they outgrow the size limits of the booster seats or are big enough to fit properly in seat belts.
For your child to properly fit in a seat belt, he or she must be tall enough to sit without slouching and be able to:. A booster seat may be needed in some vehicles and not in others.
If the seat belt does not fit properly yet, your child should continue to use a booster seat. Teach your family that safety is the responsibility of all passengers as well as the driver. As your child grows, you may face challenges enforcing seat belt safety. Life as a parent is full of compromises, but seat belt safety is never up for negotiation.
Follow these pointers and set the example of buckling up every time you get into the car. And remember: Never give up until they buckle up! Research shows that children whose parents buckle up are much more likely to buckle up themselves. Learn tips to motivate your tweens to buckle up , and make it a rule in your family that everyone follows the same practices as you: Always buckle up before moving the car, no matter how short or routine the drive, and make sure all children are buckled up properly.
Learn about the proper seat belt fit for your child and why your children may not be wearing their seat belts correctly.
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