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Thanks you for your feedback. But they are different parts of speech and so they are used in different ways. I lost my passport, without my passport I cannot board the plane. I lost my passport , and without it I cannot board the plane. I lost my passport , and without my passport I cannot board the plane. Click to expand Last edited: Dec 1, Joining two independent clauses with a comma a comma splice is usually regarded as an error.

Here, with the repeated "my passport", using a comma splice sounds especially wrong. Uncle Jack said:. In amici briefs written on behalf of the defendants in Roper , Graham , Miller , and Montgomery organizations representing health professionals, such as the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry and the American Psychological Association, explained current research on immature brains.

Justice Kagan cited Graham and J. North Carolina 34 J. North Carolina, S. Even before Roper , states routinely recognized differences between juveniles and adults in other contexts. Almost every state prohibits juveniles from voting, buying cigarettes and alcohol, serving on juries, and getting married without parental consent.

The Graham decision emphasized the importance of giving juvenile offenders a chance to become rehabilitated. They typically receive fewer rehabilitative services than others in prison. Treating adults like children: Resentencing adult juvenile lifers after Miller v. Minnesota Law Review , 99 3 , Under current Supreme Court precedent, curbs on juvenile life without parole sentences do not guarantee release. Rather, Supreme court holdings and the reforms passed in response to those holdings by state legislatures provide an opportunity for individualized review before a parole board or a judge for a new sentence, taking into consideration the unique circumstances of each defendant.

The Sentencing Project supports a year maximum sentence for nearly all individuals convicted of crimes. This recommendation recognizes that the age of mass incarceration in America led to extreme and overly harsh sentences that are often unjust and counterproductive to public safety. It applies to all people in prison, not only those sentenced in their youth.

Some recent reforms are beginning to align with this recommendation as states recognize that extreme sentences are outdated, unnecessary and inhumane.

Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, and Virginia allow for the possibility of release after 20 years. All incarceration should further the goals of rehabilitation and reintegration.

The District of Columbia 41 District of Columbia Washington State. Additional legislation for people under 21 has progressed elsewhere. Model penal code: Sentencing: Final Draft. There is mounting support for such reform in select states. Motivated by the Miller decision, the state of California previously home to one of the largest populations of JLWOP defendants now affords prisoners a meaningful chance at parole after 15 to 25 years if their crime occurred when they were a juvenile.

Reforms are underway in other states as well. Sentences that close the door on rehabilitation and second chances are cruel and misguided. The momentum to protect youth rights in the criminal legal system is clear. Twenty-five states and the District of Columbia have banned life sentences without the possibility of parole for people under 18; in nine additional states, no one is serving life without parole for offenses committed before age Download PDF.

Related Posts publications. Nicole D. The Pennsylvania General Assembly is considering ending lifetime parole supervision. Nazgol Ghandnoosh, Ph. Nellis, A. Death Penalty Information Center.

In Graham and Roper , the Court also pointed to the overwhelming international consensus against the harshest punishments. Rovner, J. Gately, G. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. The usage "Without Which" [closed] Ask Question.

Asked 4 years, 5 months ago. Active 4 years, 5 months ago. Viewed 11k times. Improve this question. South Korea South Korea 13 1 1 gold badge 1 1 silver badge 3 3 bronze badges. It seems redundant to use "necessary" and "without which Thanks, let's assume the sentence is without "necessary" because my focus is on the usage "without which".

Meaningful in the same way or not?